Critical Exponents for Granular Phase Transitions
نویسنده
چکیده
The solid–fluid phase transition of a granular material shaken horizontally is investigated numerically. We find that it is a first-order phase transition and propose two order parameters, namely the averaged kinetic energy and the averaged granular temperature, to determine the fluidization point precisely. It scales as amplitude times square of the frequency of the external vibration. Using this fluidization point as critical point, we show that the kinetic energy and the granular temperature show two different universal critical point exponents for a wide range of excitation amplitudes. PACS: 46.10+z, 05.60.+w, 02.70.Ns (81.05.Rm)
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